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About

Robert Freedman, Ph.D.

Robert (Bob) Freedman is a native of Houston, Texas. Bob graduated summa cum laude with a B.S. in physics from the University of Houston and received a Ph.D. in theoretical condensed matter physics in 1972 from the University of California at San Diego. Following postgraduate work at the famed Xerox Palo Alto Research Center and the University of Chicago, he joined Shell Development Research Company in Houston, Texas. Bob has worked on upstream formation evaluation and petrophysical research projects and their practical applications for more than 40 years including five years at Shell Oil in research and operations (1976 – 1981), five years as an independent petroleum consultant (1981 – 1986) at Petroleum Physics Corp. a formation evaluation company he founded, and 30 years at Schlumberger (1986 – 2016). Bob has made many fundamental and significant contributions to the application, physics, modeling, interpretation and design of electrical, dielectric, nuclear magnetic resonance, fluid sampling, density, and gamma ray spectroscopy logging tools in both conventional and unconventional reservoirs. Bob is believed to be the first to use machine learning to solve complex reservoir characterization problems when in 2003 he developed and patented a supervised machine learning radial basis function algorithm to predict molecular composition of reservoir fluids. He was the first to propose (in a 2006 paper published in the Petrophysics Journal) that the industry should move away from overly simplistic empirical models and use instead model-independent learning algorithms to solve complex reservoir characterization problems. Bob is recognized worldwide as a leading expert in formation evaluation and logging tool technology with expertise covering a wide spectrum of well logging technologies.

He is recognized worldwide as a leading expert in formation evaluation and logging tool technology with expertise covering a wide spectrum of well logging technologies.

Professional Prizes, Activities, and Memberships

SPWLA Distinguished Technical Achievement Award, 2009
SPE Cedric Ferguson Award, 2004
Member of the SPWLA Technology Committee, 2002–2004
SPWLA Vice President of Technology, 2008
Four Time Winner of a First Prize at Schlumberger’s Annual Reservoir Characterization Symposiums, 1994, 2001, 2014, 2015
Top Five Best SPWLA Paper Awards, 1994, 1997, 1998, 2012

SPE Distinguished Author, JPT Paper “Advances in NMR Logging”
SPE Distinguished Lecturer, 2003–2004
SPWLA Distinguished Speaker, 1998-1999, 2013–2014
Served as Associate Technical Editor of the SPE Formation Evaluation Journal, 1988–1990
SPE member since 1977
SPWLA member since 1979
Mensa Member

Consulting Services

My objective is to provide oil and gas companies, oilfield service companies, government agencies, investors, stockholders, and others with expert and independent analyses of engineering and scientific problems related to reservoir characterization and to recommend cost effective solutions to these problems.

Review of log and core analysis results versus reservoir performance
Recommendations for optimal and cost effective logging tool suites tailored for specific reservoirs and objectives
Analysis of engineering projects and teams with recommendations on how to improve performance while reducing costs

Analysis and strategies for solving complex engineering problems
In-house mentoring and training of young engineers and geoscientists
Intellectual property evaluations
Expert witness testimony
In-house seminars and lectures on special log analysis methods for evaluating conventional and unconventional reservoirs

Expertise

Freedman’s Expertise

+ NMR Logging

Bob played a leading role in the development of Schlumberger’s pulsed NMR logging tool technology, data processing, and interpretation and is the inventor and developer of many pioneering methods and algorithms that are used industry wide. Bob was a key player on the engineering team that designed and built the first CMR tools. A few of his contributions are discussed here. In 1991, while on the team developing the Schlumberger CMR tool, Bob was the first to recognize that pulsed NMR spin-echo data are mathematically redundant and that thousands of spin-echo amplitudes can be compressed into a few numbers without loss of information. This insight led him to develop the patented “window processing” data compression and processing method which has subsequently been used for NMR data processing in all of Schlumberger’s NMR tools. Today compression of NMR data is used industry wide in the processing of spin-echo data. It makes possible real-time processing of the data intensive pulse sequences acquired by modern day NMR logging tools. In 1997, Bob derived the density-magnetic resonance (DMR) equations at his home and with colleagues introduced this method to the industry in a 1998 SPWLA Symposium paper. The DMR method has become an industry standard for determining total porosity and gas saturation in gas-bearing reservoirs. In 1998, he proposed and tested the Schlumberger Enhanced Precision Mode (EPM) porosity processing that is used in all Schlumberger NMR tools. In 1999, he proposed the constituent viscosity model (CVM) for live crude oils and leading a team of Schlumberger and Rice University colleagues experimentally validated the CVM model. This work led Bob and a team of colleagues to develop and successfully field test Schlumberger’s model-based magnetic resonance fluid (MRF) characterization method. From 2006 – 2011, Bob managed a team of scientists, engineers and technicians which built a patented prototype NMR fluid sampling tool module. The NMR fluid sampling tool sensor broke world records for high pressure and temperature low field NMR measurements performed on live oil samples.

Selected Papers on NMR Logging

+ Evaluation of Complex Reservoirs and Interpretation Problems

Bob was the first in the industry to recognize, explain, and confront the limitations of traditional model-based petrophysics methods in the formation evaluation of complex reservoirs and fluids and to propose a new approach. In a 2006 paper published in the Petrophysics journal, he proposed and applied a new model-independent inversion methodology based on radial basis function (RBF) interpolation. This methodology overcomes the limitations of traditional model-dependent methods and it can be applied to a wide range of problems in formation evaluation. A few of the applications will be discussed here. Bob and colleagues applied this method to predicting live oil properties from NMR measurements made on live oils at reservoir conditions. A paper on this work was presented at the SPWLA Symposium and won a top paper award and was published in a special Symposium edition of the 2013 Petrophysics journal. Bob and colleagues applied the RBF method to predict mineralogy from elemental concentration measurements made by a geochemical logging tool in complex unconventional shale reservoirs. This work was published in 2015 in the SPE Res. Eval. & Eng. Journal and represents a major advancement in predicting clay concentrations and other complex minerals from geochemical logging tools. The RBF method originally proposed by Bob is now widely used worldwide by oil companies and service companies and has been applied to a wide variety of complex reservoir problems including but not limited to: (1) borehole corrections (2) permeability estimation (3) pore size and pore throat estimation in carbonates and (4) formation thermal neutron cross section predictions from pulsed neutron logging tools.

Selected Papers on Solutions to Complex Reservoir Problems

+ Electromagnetic (EM) Tool Response Modeling

Bob has recognized expertise in the analytical modeling of EM logging tools and has solved Maxwell’s equations to compute the responses of various resistivity and dielectric logging tools in borehole and formation geometries of interest. He has modeled low frequency electrode tools and EM propagation logging tools. He has worked on modeling EM tools having frequencies spanning the approximate range from 0.1 to 1010 Hz. He has also written some finite element codes for EM problems. A few examples of Bob’s published works on EM modeling are discussed here. In the late 1970s, Bob and a colleague at Shell’s Bellaire Research Center in Houston developed a theoretical model for the response of an experimental induced polarization logging tool built in-house by Shell colleagues. This work is published in a Geophysics paper on induced polarization logging. Also, in the late 1970s, Bob and a Shell colleague developed the first detailed theoretical model for microwave propagation dielectric logging tools. This work is also published in the Geophysics journal. In the early 1980s, Bob developed a patented EM method for determining the distance and direction of a blown out cased well to an open relief well. More recently Bob published two EM modeling papers in the Radio Science journal in 2015 and 2016. These two papers derive exact analytical solutions that allow accurate numerical computations to two fundamental problems in EM propagation resistivity and dielectric well logging.

Selected Papers on EM Tool Response Modeling

+ Leadership and Team Building Principles for Winning and Cost Effective Engineering Projects

Bob has more than 40 years working in engineering, research, and operations positions in the oil and gas industry. During his career, he has worked for the world’s largest service company, a major oil company, and as a private consultant he worked for numerous major and independent oil companies and service companies. He has observed project management practices and processes that needlessly waste millions of dollars without achieving objectives. Recently, he led a Schlumberger engineering team which started with Bob and another scientist as a concept study and advanced to a Schlumberger Top 50 engineering project. This success was in large part due to innovative leadership and management practices that Bob established for his project. Bob’s team developed, with sparse resources, an innovative new sensor technology and tool architecture for a downhole fluid sampling tool module. The novel sensor broke world records for high pressure and temperature NMR measurements on live crude oils. The technology developed by Bob’s team resulted in more than 10 US patents and the technology was published in a paper in the Reviews of Scientific Instruments Journal. Many teams today are led by inexperienced managers who do not understand the technology, are trained to believe more in processes than people, and use antiquated hand me down methods and processes. As a result such teams lack strong leadership, direction, motivation, and empowerment which leads to poor moral, finger pointing, and ultimately project failure or long delays in completing project objectives.

Publications

Novel Method for Evaluating Shale-Gas and Shale-Tight-Oil Reservoirs Using Advanced Well-Log Data, SPE Reservoir Evaluation and Engineering, SPE-181480-PA, June 2018, 1- 20. With D. Rose, B. Sun, R. L. Brown, and T. Malizia.

Novel Method for Evaluating Shale Gas and Shale Tight Oil Reservoirs Using Well Log Data, SPE-181480-MS presented at the 2016 SPE ATCE in Dubai, UAE, September 28, 2016. With D. Rose, B. Sun, R. L. Brown, and T. Malizia.

Derivation of the Magnetic Field on a Metal Cylinder Excited by a Longitudinal Magnetic Dipole Transmitter: II. Cylinder in a Two-Layer Dissipative Dielectric Medium, (2016) Radio Sci, 51, doi: 10.1002/2016RS006046.

Derivation of Magnetic Fields on a Metallic Cylinder Excited by Longitudinal and Transverse Magnetic Dipole Transmitters: I. Cylinder in Unbounded Dissipative Dielectric Medium, (2015) Radio Sci, 50, 941 – 955, doi: 10.1002/2014RS005645.

New Method for Predicting Accurate Mineralogy and Matrix Properties from Elemental Chemistry Measured by Gamma Ray Spectroscopy Logging Tools, SPE-170722-MS presented at the SPE ATCE, October 28, 2014. With S. Herron, V. Anand, M. Herron, D. May, and D. Rose.

A Compact High-Performance Low-Field NMR Apparatus for Measurements on Fluids at Very High Pressures and Temperatures, Review of Scientific Instruments, 85, 025102 (2014). With V. Anand, D. Catina, P. Tabrizi, R. Torres, K. Ganesan, C. Borman, C. Krueckl, and D. Ryan.

Major Advancement in Reservoir Fluid Analysis Achieved Using a New High Performance Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Lab System, Petrophysics, 54, no. 5, 439-456, October, 2013 (Best of the 2013 Symposium Volume). With V. Anand, D. Catina, P. Tabrizi, R. Torres, K. Ganesan, C. Borman, C. Krueckl, and D. Ryan.

+ More Publications

Major Advancement in Reservoir Fluid Analysis Achieved Using a New Hiigh Performance Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Lab System, Paper VV presented at the 2013 SPWLA Annual Symposium held in New Orleans, La., June 22- 26, 2013. With V. Anand, D. Catina, P. Tabrizi, R. Torres, K. Ganesan, C. Borman, C. Krueckl, and D. Ryan.

An Insightful and Robust Approach for Mutli-Tool Interpretation: Moving Away from Traditional Black Box Methods, presented at the International Petroleum Technology Conference held Mar. 26-28, 2013 in Beijing. With V. Anand and C. C. Minh.

A Modern Method for Using Databases to Obtain Accurate Solutions to Complex Reservoir Characterization Problems, SPE Reservoir Evaluation and Engineering Journal, August 2012, p. 453-461. With V. Anand, T. Zhou, D. Rose, and S. Beekman.

New Approach Describes the Indescribable, published in Harts E&P magazine, April 2012. With V. Anand, S. Crary, C. C. Minh, R. L. Terry, and Loris Tealdi.

A Modern Method for Using Databases to Obtain Accurate Solutions to Complex Reservoir Characterization Problems, SPE 147169 presented at the 2011 ATCE. (Best Paper Award in Formation Evaluation Session). With V. Anand, T. Zhou, D. Rose, and S. Beekman.

New Method for Predicting Properties of Live Oils from NMR, Petrophysics Journal, v. 53, no 4, p. 256 - 271, August 2012. With V. Anand.

Predicting Effective Permeabilty to Oil in Sandstone and Carbonate Reservoirs from Well Log Data, SPE Reservoir Evaluation and Engineering Journal, p. 750-762, December 2011. With V. Anand, S. Crary, C. C. Minh, and R. L. Terry.

Predicting Effective Permeabilty to Oil in Sandstone and Carbonate Reservoirs from Well Log Data, SPE 134011 presented at the 2010 SPE ATCE. With V. Anand, S. Crary, C. C. Minh, and R. L. Terry.

Moving Beyond Archie's Legacy in the 21st Century, Letter to the Editor, Petrophysics, v. 50, no. 6, (Dec. 2009), p. 468.

New Method for Predicting Properties of Live Oils from NMR, Paper AAAA presented at the 2009 SPWLA Annual Symposium. With V. Anand.

A New Approach for Solving Inverse Problems Encountered in Well Logging and Geophysical Problems, Petrophysics, vol. 47, no. 2 (April 2006), p. 93-111.

Advances in NMR Logging, SPE Paper 89177, Distinguished Author Series in JPT Journal, 60-66, January, 2006.

Fluid Characterization Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Logging, Petrophysics, vol. 45, no. 3, 241-250. May-June, 2004. With N. Heaton.

Real-Time and On-Site Reservoir Fluid Characterization, APPEA 2004 Journal, April 2004, Canbera, Australia. With A. Carnegie, C. Dong, O. C. Mullins, A. Kurkjian, N. Heaton, C. Forde, P. Barraclough, P. Herman, I. A. Khan, and A. K. M. Jamaluddin.

Wettability, Saturation, and Viscosity From Magnetic Resonance Measurements, SPE Journal, v. 8 no. 4, p. 317-327, December, 2003. With N. Heaton, M. Flaum, G. J. Hirasaki, M. D. Hurlimann, and C. Flaum.

A Next Generation Wireline NMR Logging Tool, SPE paper 84482 presented at the 2003 SPE ATCE. With L. DePavia, D. Ayers, R. Harris, N., Heaton, B. Jorion, J. Kovats, B. Luong, N. Rajan, R. Taherian, K. Walter, and D. Willis.

Diffusion-relaxation distributions of sedimentary rocks in different saturation states, Magnetic Resonance Imaging Journal, v. 21, p. 305 - 310, 2003. With M. D. Hurlimann, M. Flaum, L. Venkatarmanan, C. Flaum, and G. J. Hirasaki.

Wettability, Saturation, and Viscosity Using the Magnetic Resonance Fluid Characterization Method and New Diffusion-Editng Pulse Sequences, SPE Paper 77397 presented at the 2002 SPE ATCE. With N. Heaton, M. Flaum, G. J. Hirasaki, M.D. Hurlimann, and C. Flaum.

Applications of a New Generation Wireline NMR Logging Tool, SPE Paper 77400 presented at the 2002 SPE ATCE. With N. Heaton, C. Karmonik, P. Speier, K. Walter, and L. DePavia.

Diffusion Editing: New NMR Measurement of Saturation and Pore Geometry, Paper FFF presented at the 2002 SPWLA Symposium. With M. D. Hurlimann, L. Venkatarmanan, C. Flaum, P. Speier, C. Karmonik, and N. Heaton.

Field tests of a New Magnetic Resonance Fluid Characterization Method, published in the SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering Journal, December 2002. With N. Heaton and M. Flaum.

A New Method of Fluid Characterization in Reservoir Rocks: Experimental Confirmation and Simulation Results, SPE Journal, December 2001, 452-464. With S. Lo, M. Flaum, G. J. Hirasaki, A. Matteson, and A. Sezginer.

Field Tests of a New Magnetic Resonance Fluid Characterization Method, SPE 71713, presented at the 2001 SPE Annual Meeting in New Orleans, Sept. 30 - Oct. 1, 2001. With N. Heaton and M. Flaum.

Integration of NMR With Other Open-hole Logs for Improved Formation Evaluation, SPE Reservoir Eval. & Eng. Journal, v. 3, no. 6, p. 509 - 516, December, 2000. With C.C. Minh, S. Crary, and D. Cannon.

A New Method of Fluid Characterization in Reservoir Rocks: Experimental Confirmation and Simulation Results, SPE Paper 63214 presented at the Annual Fall Meeting held in Dallas, October 1-4, 2000. With S. Lo, M. Flaum, G. J. Hirasaki, A. Matteson, and A. Sezginer.

High-Resolution Bound Fluid, Free-Fluid, and Total Porosity with Fast NMR Logging, Paper V, SPWLA 41st Annual Logging Symposium, Dallas, June 4 - 7, 2000. With N. Heaton, C. C. Minh, and C. Flaum.

An NMR High-Resolution Permeability Indicator, Paper NNN, SPWLA 40th Annual Logging Symposium, Oslo, Norway, May 30-June 3, 1999. With A. Sezginer, C. C. Minh, N. Heaton, and M. Herron.

An Improved NMR Tool Design for Faster Logging, Paper CC, SPWLA 40th Annual Logging Symposium, Oslo, Norway , May 30-June 3, 1999. With D. McKeon, C. C. Minh, R. Harris, D. Willis, D. Davies, G. Gubelin, R. Oldigs, and M. Hurlimann.

Integration of NMR With Other Openhole Logs for Improved Formation Evaluation, SPE Paper 49012 presented at the Annual Fall Meeting held in New Orleans, September 27-30, 1998. With C.C. Minh, S. Crary, and D. Cannon.

Combining NMR and Density Logs for Petrophysical Analysis in Gas Bearing Formations, Paper II, SPWLA 39th Annual Logging Symposium, Keystone, CO., May 26 - 29, 1998. With C. C. Minh, G. Gubelin, J. J. Freeman, T. McGinness, R. L. Terry, and D. Rawlence.

How to Use Borehole Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Oilfield Review, Summer, 1997. With D. Allen, S. Crary, M. Andreani, W. Klopf, R. Badry, C. Flaum, B. Kenyon, R. Kleinberg, P. Gossenberg, J. Horkowitz, D. Logan, J. Singer, and J. White.

Measurement of Total NMR Porosity Adds New Value to NMR Logging, Paper OO, SPWLA 38th Annual Logging Symposium, Houston, June 15-18, 1997. With A. Boyd, G. Gubelin, D. McKeon, and C. Morriss.

Hydrocarbon Saturation and Viscosity Estimation from NMR Logging in the Beldridge Diatomite, published in The Log Analyst, Vol. 38, No. 2, March-April, 1997, pp. 21-44. With C. Morriss, C. Straley, M. Johnston, H. J. Vinegar, and P. N. Tutunjian.

Operating Guide for the Combinable Magnetic Resonance Tool, The Log Analyst, November-December, Vol. 37, No. 6, 1996, pp. 53-60. With C. Morriss, P. Deutch, D. McKeon, and R. L. Kleinberg.

Processing of Data From an NMR Logging Tool, SPE Paper 30560 presented at the Annual Fall Meeting, Dallas, October 23-25, 1995. With C. Morriss.

Interpreting the Response of the Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Tool in Heterogeneous Environments, Log Analyst, 65-83, 1994. With B. Anderson, Q. Liu, R. Taherian, J. Singer, W. C. Chew, and T. Habashy.

Hydrocarbon Saturation and Viscosity Estimation from NMR Logging in the Belridge Diatomite, Paper C, SPWLA 35th Annual Logging Symposium, Tulsa, 1994. With C. Morriss, C. Straley, M. Johnston, H. J. Vinegar, and P. N. Tutunjian.

Field Test of an Experimental Pulsed Nuclear Magnetism Tool, Paper GGG, SPWLA 34th Annual Logging Symposium, Calgary, June 13-16, 1993. With C. Morriss, J. MacInnis, J. Smaardyk, C. Straley, W. E. Kenyon, H. J. Vinegar, and P.N. Tutunjian.

Modeling Electromagnetic Tool Response, Oilfield Review 4, no. 3, July, 1992, p. 22-32. With B. Anderson, G. Minerbo, M. Oristaglio, T. Barber, and F. Shray.

Interpreting the Response of the Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Tool In Complex Environments, paper XX, SPWLA 32nd Annual Logging Symposium, Midland, 1991. With B. Anderson, Q. Liu, R. Taherian, J. Singer, W. C. Chew, and T. Habashy.

Maximum Entropy Inversion of Induction Logs, SPE Formation Evaluation Journal, June, 1991. With G. Minerbo.

Interpretation of ADEPT Logs in the Presence of Mudcakes, SPE Formation Evaluation Journal, 449-457, December, 1990. With G. Grove.

Maximum Entropy Inversion of Induction Logs, SPE Paper No. 19608, presented at the 64th Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition in San Antonio, October 8-11, 1989. With G. Minerbo.

Remaining Oil Saturation Determination Using Nuclear Magnetism Logging, SPE Formation Evaluation Journal, 121-130, June, 1989. With G. Rouault.

Interpretation of EPT-G Logs in the Presence of Mudcakes, SPE Paper No. 18116, presented at the 63rd Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition held in Houston, October 2-5, 1988. With G. Grove.

Self-Consistent Log Interpretation Method: Application to Shaly Sands, presented at the SPWLA 29th Annual Logging Symposium, Paper T, 1988. With J. Puffer.

Nuclear Magnetism Logging: Signal Processing for Residual Oil Determination, SPE Paper No. 16771, presented at the 62nd Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition in Dallas, September, 1987. With G. Rouault.

Computer Simulation Study of Radio Frequency Dielectric Constant Logging, Log Analyst, 7-26, 1986.

Theory of Induced-Polarization Logging in a Borehole, Geophysics, 51, no. 9, 1830-1849, 1986. With J. P. Vogiatzis.

The Waxman-Smits Equation for Shaly Sands: I. Simple Methods of Solution; II. Error Analysis, Log Analyst, 26, no.2, 11-23, 1985. With B. E. Ausburn.

How a Texas Heavy Oil Prospect Was Evaluated, Oil and Gas Journal, 63-76, November 30, 1981. With J. R. J. Studlick.

Evaluation of a Heavy Oil Prospect, Bandera Tank Area, Maverick and Zavala Counties, Texas, presented at the SPWLA 22nd Annual Logging Symposium, Mexico City, Paper Y, June 23-26, 1981. With J. R. J. Studlick.

Electromagnetic Propagation Tool (EPT): Comparison of Log Derived and In-Situ Oil Saturations in Shaly Fresh Water Sands, presented at the annual meeting of the SPE Meeting, Dallas, September 21-24, 1980. With D. R. Montague.

Reply to discussion on "Theory of Microwave Dielectric Constant Logging Using the Electromagnetic Propagation Method, Geophysics, 45, no. 10, 1532-1533, 1980. With J. P. Vogiatzis.

Theory of Microwave Dielectric Constant Logging Using the Electromagnetic Wave Propagation Method, Geophysics, 44, no. 5, 969-986, 1979. With J. P. Vogiatzis.

Theory of Many-Body Effects on the Frequency Dependent Conductivity of a Model One-Dimensional Solid, Solid State Communications, 33 , 565-568, 1980.

Some Properties of a Charged Two-Dimensional Isotropic Fermi Liquid, Phys. Rev. B, 18, no. 6, 2482-2483, 1978.

Critical Dynamics of Isotropic Antiferromagnets Using Renormalization Group Methods: T< TN, Phys. Rev. B., 18, no. 2, 2281-2303, 1978. With G. Mazenko and M. Logan.

Theory of a Fermi Glass, Phys. Rev. B., 15, no. 5 2384-2398, 1977. With J. A. Hertz.

Critical Dynamics of Isotropic Antiferromagnets Using Renormalization Group Methods: T>TN, Phys. Rev. B., 13, no. 11, 4967-4983, 1976. With G. F. Mazenko.

Critical Dynamics of Isotropic Antiferromagnets in 4-e Dimensions, Phys. Rev. Letters, 34, no. 25 1575-1578, 1975. With G. F. Mazenko.

Theory of Many-Body Effects on Conduction-Electron Spin Resonance in Anisotropic Metals, Phys. Rev. B., 12, 4847-4858, 1975. With D. R. Fredkin.

Effects of Fermi-Surface Anisotropy on Cyclotron Waves in Metals, Phys. Rev. B., 9, no. 2, 360-366, 1974. With D. R. Fredkin.

Theory of the Antiferromagnetic Linewidth in MnF2, Phys. Rev. B., 10, no. 3, 1039-1043, 1974. With R. M. White and R. Woolsley.

Phenomenological Theory of Impurity-Induced Spin-Lattice Relaxation in Paramagnetic Metals, Phys. Rev. B., 10, no.1 10-18, 1974.

Theory of Many-Body Effects on Conduction-Electron Spin Resonance in g-Anisotropic Metals, Phys. Rev. Letters, 29, no. 20, 1390-1393, 1972. With D. R. Fredkin.

Effects of Anisotropy on Collective Oscillations in Metals, Ph.D. Thesis, University of California at San Diego, 1972.

Patents

Method for Formation Evaluation of Organic Shale Reservoirs Using Well Logging Data, U.S. Patent 11187825, Nov. 30, 2021.

Determining the Larmor Frequency for NMR Tools, US Patent 10,024,997, July 17, 2018. With V. Anand, A. Dementyev, P. Tabrizi, and D. Catina.

Apparatus and Methods for Fast NMR Well Logging Without Instrument Speed Effects, U.S. 9,759,832, Sept. 12, 2017. With Nate Bachman, Anatoly Dementyev, and Reza Taherian.

System and Method for Obtaining Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Measurements on Reservoir Fluids for Prediction of Fluid Properties, US 9,459, 330, Oct. 4, 2016. With V. Anand, D. Catina, W. Grant, R. Torres, P. Tabrizi, and K. Ganesan.

Predicting Mineralogy Properties from Elemental Compositions, U.S. 9,696,453 issued July, 2017. With V. Anand, S. Herron, and M. Herron.

Method of Estimating a Subterranean Formation Property, U.S. Patent Pending. With V. Anand and C. C. Minh.

Open-Hole Logging Tool for Making Ultra-Deep Magnetic and Resistivity Measurements, U.S. Patent Pending.

Predicting Properties of Live Oils from NMR Measurements, U.S. Patent 8,400,147, issued March 19, 2013. With V. Anand.

Determining the Larmor Frequency for NMR Tools, US Patent 8,686,723, April 1, 2014. With V. Anand, A. Dementyev, P. Tabrizi, and D. Catina.

+ More Patents

Method and Apparatus for Borehole Measurements in Non-Invaded Formations, US Patent 8,471,560 B2, issued June 25, 2013. With B. Grant, N. Bachman, and P. Campanac.

Method for Estimating Effective Permeability of Sandstone and Carbonate Formations, US Patent Pending. With V. Anand.

Method for Determining Wettability of an Oil Reservoir, US Patent 8076933, Dec. 13, 2011.

High Pressure/High Temperature Magnetic Resonance Tool, US Patent 7,683,613B2, Mar. 23, 2010. With K. Ganesan and Bill Grant.

Downhole Micro Magnetic Resonance Analyzer, US Patent 8,471,559 B2, issued June 25, 2013. With R. Taherian and K. Ganesan,

Non-Conductive and Non-Magnetic Flowline for Electromagnetic Measurements on Reservoir Fluids at High Pressures, US Patent 7,624,794, Dec. 1, 2009. With K. Ganesan, and B. Grant.

Magneto-Optical Method and Apparatus for Determining Properties of Reservoir Fluids, US Patent 7482811 B2, issued Jan. 27, 2009.

Estimating the Concentration of a Substance in a Sample Using NMR, US 7,301,339, issued Nov. 27, 2007. With Y. Cheng, A. Kharrat, and K. Ganesan.

Method for Determining Characteristics of Earth Formations, US 7,309,983 issued Dec. 18, 2007.

Method for Determining More Accurate Diffusion Coefficient Distributions of Reservoir Fluids Using Bi-Polar Pulsed Field Gradients, US 7253618 B1, issued Aug. 7, 2007. With K. Ganesan.

Combining NMR and Density Measurements for Predicting Reservoir Fluid Properties, US 7196517, issued Mar. 27, 2007

Method for Determining Borehole Corrections for Well Logging Tools, US Patent 7076370B1, issued July 6, 2006. With T. Broussard.

Determining Downhole Fluid Volumes by Combining NMR, Density, and Dielectric Measurements, US Patent 7075297B2, issued July 6, 2006.

Method for Determining Properties of Formation Fluids, US 7091719 B2, issued Aug. 15, 2006.

Method and Apparatus for Using Pulsed Field Gradient Measurements to Determine Fluid Properties in a Fluid Sampling Tool, US Patent 7,053,611, issued May 30, 2006.

Method and apparatus for determining speed and properties of flowing fluids using NMR measurements, U.S. Patent 6,952,096.

Method for determining molecular properties of hydrocarbon mixtures from NMR Data, U.S. Patent 6,859,032, issued Feb. 22, 2005. With N. J. Heaton.

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Apparatus and Methods for Analyzing Fluids Extracted From Earth Formations, US 6841996 B2 issued Jan. 11, 2005. With D. Madio, R. Kleinberg, R. Gaylor.

Processing of NMR Data in the Presence of Coherent Ringing, U.S. Patent 6838875 (B2) issued Jan. 5, 2005.

Method for Detecting Hydrocarbons by Comparing NMR Responses at Different Depths of Investigation, U.S. Patent 6,703,832, issued March 9, 2004. With N. J. Heaton.

Determining Wettability of an Oil Reservoir Using Borehole NMR Measurements, U.S. Patent 6, 765, 380, issued July 20, 2004. With M. Hurlimann.

Formation Evaluation Using Magnetic Resonance Logging Measurements, U.S. Patent No. 6,229,308 B1, issued May 8, 2001.

Method and Apparatus for Determining Logging Tool Displacements, U.S. Patent 6,459,992 issued October 1, 2002. With L. DePavia, and A. Sezginer.

Dual-Wait Time NMR Processing for Determining Apparent T1/T2 Ratios, Total Porosity and Bound Fluid Porosity, G.B. Patent 2338068 issued August 23, 2000.

Method and Apparatus For Measuring Total NMR Porosity, U.S. Patent No. 6, 147, 489 issued Nov. 14, 2000. With A. Boyd, C.E. Morriss, and C. Flaum.

Methods for Evaluating Formations Using NMR and Other Logs, U.S. Patent 6,032,101 issued February 29, 2000. With C. C. Minh.

Apparatus including multi-wait time pulsed NMR logging method for determining accurate T2-distributions and accurate T1/T2 ratios and generating a more accurate output record using the updated T2-distributions and T1/T2 ratios, U.S. Patent No. 5, 486, 762 issued Jan. 23, 1996. With C. E. Morriss.

Method for Determining the In Situ Larmor Frequency of a Pulsed Nuclear Magnetism Tool, U.S. Patent No. 5,451,873 issued September 19, 1995. With J. McGinnis and J. Smaardyk.

Method and Apparatus for Compressing data Produced From a Well Tool in a Wellbore Prior to Transmitting The Compressed Data Uphole to a Surface Apparatus, U.S. Patent No. 5,381,092 issued January 10, 1995

Processing Method And Apparatus For Processing Spin Echo In-Phase And Quadrature Amplitudes From A Pulsed Nuclear Magnetism Tool And Producing New Output Data To Be Recorded On An Output Record, U.S. Patent No. 5,291,137 issued March 1, 1994.

Method and Apparatus for Producing a More Accurate Resistivity Log From Data Recorded by an Induction Sonde in a Borehole, U.S. Patent No. 5,210,691 issued May 11, 1993. With G. Minerbo.

Method and Apparatus for Measuring Azimuthal as Well as Longitudinal Waves in a Formation Traversed by a Borehole, U.S. Patent No. 5,168,234 issued December 1, 1992.

Self-Consistent Log Interpretation Method, U.S. Patent No. 4,916,616 issued April 10, 1990. With J.E. Puffer.

High Frequency Induction Log for Locating Formation Interfaces, U.S. Patent No. 4,360,778 issued November 23, 1982.

Method for Determining Distance and Direction from an Open Well to a Cased Well Using Resistivity and Directional Survey Data, U.S. Patent No. 4,329,647 issued May 11, 1982.

High Frequency Induction Log for Determining Resistivity and Dielectric Constant of the Earth, U.S. Patent No. 4,278,941 issued July 14, 1981.